口译笔记技巧与符号Ask yourself:
1.Did I use complete sentences? They are generally a waste of time.
2.Did I use any form at all? Are my notes clear or confusing?
3.Did I capture main points and all subpoints?
4.Did I streamline using abbreviations and shortcuts?
If you answered no to any of these questions, you may need to develop some new note-taking skills!
====Guidelines for Note-Taking :
1.Concentrate on the lecture or on the reading material.
2.Take notes consistently.
3.Take notes selectively. Do NOT try to write down every word. Remember that the average lecturer speaks approximately 125-140 words per minute, and the average note-taker writes at a rate of about 25 words per minute.
4.Translate ideas into your own words.
5.Organize notes into some sort of logical form.
6.Be brief. Write down only the major points and important information.
7.Write legibly. Notes are useless if you cannot read them later!
8.Don't be concerned with spelling and grammar.
====Ways to Reduce and Streamline Notes
Eliminate small connecting words such as: is, are, was, were, a, an, the, would, this, of. Eliminate pronouns such as: they, these, his, that, them. However, be careful NOT to elimate these three words: and, in, on.
口译笔记是辅助记忆的手段，是在听讲过程中用简单的文字或符号记下讲话内容中能刺激记忆的关键词。通过关键词能够提示考生讲话人所表述的意思，掌握其表述内容的前因后果、上下文的逻辑关系。除此之外，数字、地点、人名容易一听就忘，所以也要及时记下这些必要的细节。
但是如果考生将精力完全集中在笔记上，而忽视了对摄入信息的分析理解和加工处理，那么笔记反倒会成为口译的绊脚石。所以考生一定要遵从“大脑记忆为主，笔记为辅”的基本原则，不能过分依赖笔记。
掌握了战略原则，接下来要考虑的自然是“怎样记笔记”这个战术问题了。“怎样记”是一个因人而异的问题，理论上以目标语加符号为宜，如“powerful country”记作“强□”，“我同意”记作“I√ ”,“观点，看法一致”记作“⊙ same”，“economic development”记作“经↑”等等。用目标语记录能够帮助考生脱离原语的语言外壳，使笔记成为表达的雏形，为表达提供便利。不过理论归理论，遇到具体情况还应具体处理，考生完全可以采用自己认为最迅速，最简短的方法记录。比如汉译英时，汉语是母语，用汉语记，自然反应更快，记得更准，所以何乐而不为。相反，只要英文记录相对容易，就不必拘泥于上述的理论，锁住自己的手脚。还有英汉双语混用，也都是口译笔记个性化的体现。值得注意的是，无论用原语还是目标语，缩略语还是符号，关键是要能将记录下来的内容复原成完整正确的信息，千万不能造成识别的误区。
以下举考试中的两个实例来说明口译笔记的一些基本要领：
(1) As an American manager of a Sino-American joint venture for two years, I have to say that there are differences in business management between Chinese and Americans. //
We are more direct and straightforward than most Chinese colleagues due to our different cultural traditions. //
I can’t say our way of doing business is absolutely superior. Arter all, there are strong points and weak points in both types of management. //
In recent years, more and more American business executives have recognized the strong points of the more humane way of Chinese management.
美 经 中美合企 2年 I 说 dif@bus. man. 中← →美//
we 更 直 率 比 中←不同文传//
I x 我 bus. ++ 毕 有 + & - @both //
近年 美企exe. 强: hu 中管//
(2)今晚，我们很高兴在北京大学再次接待我们的老朋友格林博士和夫人。//
我代表学校的全体师生员工向格林博士和夫人及其他新西兰贵宾表示热烈的欢迎。//
我相信格林博士这次对我校的访问，必将为进一步加强两校的友好合作关系作出重要的贡献。//
明天，贵宾们将要赴南京和上海访问，我预祝大家一路旅途愉快。
今eve we J 北大 再接 老朋 Dr Green&Mrs //
I 代 全staff →Dr.&Mrs. G & 其 NZ 宾: wel //
I Bel Gr 我sch 访 友合 重贡//
tom 宾 go 南 & 上 I wish nice trip//
总之，记笔记是为了突出中心，提示难点，给短期记忆一臂之力，所以笔记的方法一定要得当。逐字逐句地记录既办不到也不必要，还会分散精力影响听的效果。口译笔记应简短、清晰、易辨，寥寥几个关键词，能为理解后的表达起到很好的提示作用。口译笔记有一定的规则可循，但又具有强烈的个性化，因此考生必须在反复练习的基础上，发展一套适合自己特点的笔记体系，在实践中不断完善，并通过优化了的笔记系统提高口译质量。
影子练习法
影子练习(shadow-exercise)，即跟读训练。这种方法就是用同一种语言几乎同步地跟读原语发言人的讲话，它可以训练听说同步技巧和注意力的分配。刚开始训练时可以和原语同步开始，待操练了一阵子后，可以迟于原语片刻至一句话的时间跟读。跟读时耳朵、嘴巴和大脑要一起派上用场，耳朵听、嘴巴说、脑子记。这是需要精神非常集中的一种练习，也是提高语速、提高理解速度、修改语音语调的最好方法。在高语速条件下，边跟读边完全理解语义是有相当难度的，但这种训练能为口译打下扎实的基础。各种新闻、谈话节目、研讨会、音乐体育节目、演讲等都是上好材料。
另外还可增加一些“干扰性”练习，譬如一边听、一边写些不相关的内容，如数字、人名等，分散使用注意力，那样效果会更好。
下面举一例进行说明。
A military band serenaded the President and Mrs. Bush moments after Air force One touched down Wednesday night at a military base outside Londeon.
Mr. Bush headed for the home of the US Ambassador to Britain for some sleep before a long day of ceremony and substance.
There will be a luncheon meeting with Queen Elizabeth and a bit of sightseeing in London, before Mr. Bush leaves the confines of the city to meet with Tony Blair.
A spokesman for the prime Minister says their discussions will touch on two issues that have divided America and its European allies: Mr. Bush’s rejection of the Kyoto agreement on global warming and his plan to develop a missile defense system.
These are issues that are also expected to come to the fore later in the week when President Bush takes part in a summit of the world’s leading industrialized nations, plus Russia. The item at the top of the official agenda for the meeting in Genoa, ltaly is the search for ways to help promote development in the world’s poorest countries.
这是一段速度较快的VOA原声录音，给学生做跟读材料时要视学生的当前水平而定。一般可以有三种训练方法：1.单纯做跟读训练，看看他们能不能完全跟下来；2.在做跟读训练的同时，要求学生手上写数字，比如要求他们从100写起，99，98，97这样倒退着写，培养多项任务同时处理的能力；3.在完成跟读和干扰性训练之后，马上要求学生用原语概述所听到的原声录音的内容。笔者曾在执教的班级尝试这些方法，一开始学生觉得无法适应，但是久而久之，学生普遍感到收益菲浅。
口译是一项语言技能，考生可以通过平日的技能训练，悟出其中的一些门门道道。
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